Abstract UVB-irradiation increases the risk of various skin disorders, therefore leading to inflammation and oxidative stress. In this sense, antioxidant-rich herbs such as Rosmarinus officinalis may be useful in minimizing the damage promoted by reactive oxygen species. In this work, we report the efficacy of a R. officinalis hydroethanolic extract (ROe)-loaded emulgel in preventing UVB-related skin damage. Total phenols were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu assay, and the main phytocomponents in the extract were identified by UHPLC-HRMS. Moreover, in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) value of ROe was also assessed, and we investigated the in vivo protective effect of an emulgel containing ROe against UVB-induced damage in an animal model. The ROe exhibited commercially viable SPF activity (7.56 ± 0.16) and remarkable polyphenolic content (24.15 ± 0.11 mg (Eq.GA)/g). HPLC-MS and UHPLC-HRMS results showcased that the main compounds in ROe were: rosmarinic acid, carnosic acid and carnosol. The evaluation of the in vitro antioxidant activity demonstrated a dose-dependent effect of ROe against several radicals and the capacity to reduce iron. Therefore, we demonstrated that topical application of the formulation containing ROe inhibited edema formation, myeloperoxidase activity, GSH depletion and maintained ferric reducing (FRAP) and ABTS scavenging abilities of the skin after UVB exposure.

A biotransformação da lignana tetraidrofurânica, (-)-grandisina, pelo fungo endofítico Phomopsis sp, obtido de Viguiera arenaria, conduziu à formação de um novo metabólito caracterizado como 3,4-dimetil-2-(4'-hidróxi-3',5'-dimetóxifenil)-5-metóxi-tetraidrofurano. O metabólito foi analisado contra o parasita Trypanosoma cruzi, o agente causador da doença de Chagas, e mostrou uma atividade tripanocida (IC50 9,8 μmol L-1) similar ao precursor natural (IC50 3,7 μmol L-1).

The biotrasformation of the tetrahydrofuran lignan, (-)-grandisin, by the endophitic fungus Phomopsis sp, obtained from Viguiera arenaria, led to the formation of a new compound determined as 3,4-dimethyl-2-(4'-hydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methoxy-tetrahydrofuran. The metabolite was evaluated against the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas's disease, and showed a trypanocidal activity (IC50 9.8 μmol L-1) similar to the natural precursor (IC50 3.7 μmol L-1).

Através do emprego da técnica de microamostragem de tricomas glandulares e análises por CLAE em sistema isocrático, foi efetuada a investigação química dos tricomas glandulares de diferentes populações de duas espécies de Viguiera. Nas seis amostras de V. robusta analisadas, o furanoeliangolido budleína A e seus isômeros contendo tiglato e metacrilato foram detectados como constituintes majoritários. Também foram detectados vários outros constituintes, na maioria em quantidades bem menores ou apenas traços. O perfil químico de todas as amostras foi qualitativamente muito similar, caracterizando V. robusta como um táxon com elevada "quimioconsistência". Por outro lado, V. quinqueremis representou um exemplo de "quimiodiversidade". Embora a budleína A e seus derivados também estivessem presentes em cinco das seis populações analisadas, outros heliangolidos e germacranolidos também ocorreram e dominaram parcialmente em quantidade. Padrões distintos destas substâncias dividiram as amostras de V. quinqueremis em três subgrupos químicos.

A chemical survey on the glandular trichome chemistry of different populations of two Brazilian Viguiera species has been performed by the glandular trichome microsampling technique and isocratic HPLC analyses. In all six analysed samples of V. robusta, the furanoheliangolide budlein A and its tiglate and methacrylate isomers were detected as the major compounds. They were accompanied by various constituents in mostly minor or trace amounts. The chemical pattern of all samples was qualitatively very similar, thus featuring V. robusta as a taxon of high "chemoconsistency". In contrast, V. quinqueremis represented an example of "chemodiversity". Although budlein A and its derivatives were present in five of the six analysed populations, other heliangolides and germacrolides co-occurred and partly dominated in quantity. Distinct compound patterns divided the samples of V. quinqueremis into three chemical subgroups.